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在Git项目中增加pre-commit校验

有些编程语言提供了代码格式化检查等工具,如:Go、Rust等,我们可以在commit之前,对代码进行格式化检查,保证代码规范,而pre-commit正是这样的工具;


在Git项目中增加pre-commit校验

pre-commit 概述

pre-commit官方网站:

pre-commit支持的功能有:

  • 只需要提供配置文件地址,自动从中央hooks仓库获取脚本(如果有多个项目,就不需要再每个项目都拷贝一份hooks了);
  • 可以定义本地脚本仓库,允许开发人员自定义脚本,且无需修改配置文件:
  • 每个阶段允许定义多个脚本:
    • 多个脚本可以使得功能划分而无需整合到一个臃肿的文件中;
  • 脚本支持多种语言

需要注意的是:pre-commit这个工具不仅仅可以在pre-commit阶段执行,其实可以在git-hooks的任意阶段;


安装pre-commit

在系统中安装pre-commit

brew install pre-commit
# 或者
pip install pre-commit --user

# 查看版本
pre-commit --version

在项目中安装pre-commit

除了需要在系统中安装pre-commit,还需要在Git项目中安装:

cd <git-repo>
pre-commit install

# 卸载
pre-commit uninstall

上面的操作将会在项目的.git/hooks下生成一个pre-commit文件(覆盖原pre-commit文件),该hook会根据项目根目录下的.pre-commit-config.yaml执行任务;

如果vim .git/hooks/pre-commit可以看到代码的实现,基本逻辑是利用pre-commit文件去拓展更多的pre-commit;

安装/卸载其他阶段的hook:

pre-commit install
pre-commit uninstall
-t {pre-commit,pre-merge-commit,pre-push,prepare-commit-msg,commit-msg,post-checkout,post-commit,post-merge}
--hook-type {pre-commit,pre-merge-commit,pre-push,prepare-commit-msg,commit-msg,post-checkout,post-commit,post-merge}

# 如 pre-commit install --hook-type prepare-commit-msg

常用指令

# 手动对所有的文件执行hooks,新增hook的时候可以执行,使得代码均符合规范。直接执行该指令则无需等到pre-commit阶段再触发hooks
pre-commit run --all-files

# 执行特定hooks
pre-commit run <hook_id>

# 将所有的hook更新到最新的版本/tag
pre-commit autoupdate

# 指定更新repo
pre-commit autoupdate --repo https://github.com/DoneSpeak/gromithooks

更多指令及指令参数请直接访问pre-commit官方网站;


添加第三方hooks

在Git仓库初始化pre-commit

cd <git-repo>
pre-commit install
touch .pre-commit-config.yaml

如下为一个基本的配置样例:

.pre-commit-config.yaml

# 该config文件为该项目的pre-commit的配置文件,用于指定该项目可以执行的git hooks

# 这是pre-commit的全局配置之一,fail_fast:遇到错误不会向下执行直接退出
fail_fast: false 

repos:
# hook所在的仓库
- repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
  # 仓库的版本,可以直接用tag或者分支,但分支是容易发生变化的
  # 如果使用分支,则会在第一次安装之后不自动更新
  # 通过 `pre-commit autoupdate`指令可以将tag更新到默认分支的最新tag
  rev: v4.0.1
  # 仓库中的hook id
  hooks:
  # 定义的hook脚本,在repo的.pre-commit-hooks.yaml中定义
  - id: check-added-large-files
  # 移除尾部空格符
  - id: trailing-whitespace
    # 传入参数,不处理makedown
    args: [--markdown-linebreak-ext=md]
  # 检查是否含有合并冲突符号
  - id: check-merge-conflict

- repo: https://github.com/macisamuele/language-formatters-pre-commit-hooks
  rev: v2.0.0
  hooks:
  - id: pretty-format-yaml
    # https://github.com/macisamuele/language-formatters-pre-commit-hooks/blob/v2.0.0/language_formatters_pre_commit_hooks/pretty_format_yaml.py
    # hook脚本需要的参数,可以在该hook脚本文件中看到
    args: [--autofix, --indent, '2']

上面我们引入了两个配置:

run之后,pre-commit会下载指定仓库代码,并安装配置所需要的运行环境;

配置完成之后可以通过pre-commit run --all-files运行一下添加的hooks;

下表为.pre-commit-hooks.yaml可选配置项:

key word description
id the id of the hook - used in pre-commit-config.yaml.
name the name of the hook - shown during hook execution.
entry the entry point - the executable to run. entry can also contain arguments that will not be overridden such as entry: autopep8 -i.
language the language of the hook - tells pre-commit how to install the hook.
files (optional: default '') the pattern of files to run on.
exclude (optional: default ^$) exclude files that were matched by files
types (optional: default [file]) list of file types to run on (AND). See Filtering files with types.
types_or (optional: default []) list of file types to run on (OR). See Filtering files with types. new in 2.9.0.
exclude_types (optional: default []) the pattern of files to exclude.
always_run (optional: default false) if true this hook will run even if there are no matching files.
verbose (optional) if true, forces the output of the hook to be printed even when the hook passes. new in 1.6.0.
pass_filenames (optional: default true) if false no filenames will be passed to the hook.
require_serial (optional: default false) if true this hook will execute using a single process instead of in parallel. new in 1.13.0.
description (optional: default '') description of the hook. used for metadata purposes only.
language_version (optional: default default) see Overriding language version.
minimum_pre_commit_version (optional: default '0') allows one to indicate a minimum compatible pre-commit version.
args (optional: default []) list of additional parameters to pass to the hook.
stages (optional: default (all stages)) confines the hook to the commit, merge-commit, push, prepare-commit-msg, commit-msg, post-checkout, post-commit, post-merge, or manual stage. See Confining hooks to run at certain stages.

关于开发hooks仓库:


本地hooks

pre-commit 也提供了local的hook,允许在entry中配置执行指令或指向本地一个可执行的脚本文件,使用起来和husky类似;

  • 脚本与代码仓库紧密耦合,并且与代码仓库一起分发;
  • Hooks需要的状态只存在于代码仓库的build artifact中(比如应用程序的pylint的virtualenv);
  • linter的官方代码仓库没有提供pre-commit metadata;

local hooks可以使用支持additional_dependencies 的语言或者 docker_image / fail / pygrep / script / system

在使用时,需要定义repo: local,即:本地仓库;

例如:

# 定义repo为local,表示该repo为本地仓库
- repo: local
  hooks:
  - id: pylint
    name: pylint
    entry: pylint
    language: system
    types: [python]
  - id: changelogs-rst
    name: changelogs must be rst
    entry: changelog filenames must end in .rst
    language: fail # fail 是一种用于通过文件名禁止文件的轻语言
    files: 'changelog/.*(?<!\.rst)$'

上面给hooks定义了两个步骤:

  • pylint
  • changelogs-rst

几配置例子

Rust项目

https://github.com/JasonkayZK/rust-learn/blob/main/.pre-commit-config.yaml

repos:
  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
    rev: v4.0.1
    hooks:
      - id: check-merge-conflict
      - id: check-toml
      - id: check-yaml
      - id: end-of-file-fixer
      - id: trailing-whitespace
        args: [ --markdown-linebreak-ext=md ]

  - repo: local
    hooks:
      - id: cargo-fmt
        name: cargo fmt
        entry: cargo fmt --
        language: rust
        types: [ rust ]

Go项目

https://github.com/JasonkayZK/Go_Learn/blob/master/.pre-commit-config.yaml

repos:
  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
    rev: v4.0.1
    hooks:
      - id: check-merge-conflict
      - id: check-yaml
      - id: end-of-file-fixer
      - id: trailing-whitespace
        args: [ --markdown-linebreak-ext=md ]

  - repo: local
    hooks:
      - id: go-fmt
        name: go fmt
        entry: gofmt -w -s --
        language: golang
        types: [ go ]
      - id: go-imports
        name: go imports
        entry: goimports --
        language: golang
        types: [ go ]

附录

文章参考:


本文作者:Jasonkay
本文链接:https://jasonkayzk.github.io/2021/10/10/在Git项目中增加pre-commit校验/
版权声明:本文采用 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 CN 协议进行许可